Mathematical Models of Malaria Transmission: A Hierarchical Approach to Understanding and Control

Authors

  • Gizachew Tirite Gellow Department of Mathematics, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  • D. L. Suthar Department of Mathematics, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia

Keywords:

Mathematical model , Complex model, Non-immune

Abstract

Mathematical models are essential for understanding malaria transmission and guiding control interventions. Models have evolved from simple deterministic systems to complex frameworks that incorporate immunity, relapse, climate effects, and intervention strategies. A hierarchical approach was used to review classical models and modern extensions, including nonlinear incidence, fractional-order, relapse-inclusive, and optimal-control models. Special emphasis was given to the ten-compartment model that distinguishes non-immune and semi-immune humans. Latency in humans and mosquitoes reduces the basic reproduction number and enhances realism. Modern models capture partial immunity, relapse, drug resistance, climatic variability, and socioeconomic factors. The ten-compartment model provides the most comprehensive structure for heterogeneous immunity and detailed vector–host dynamics. Malaria models have advanced significantly, supporting evidence-based interventions. Future research should integrate climate impacts, data-driven calibration, and immunity dynamics to improve predictive power and guide sustainable malaria elimination strategies.

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References

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Published

2026-03-29

Issue

Vol. 2026: Special Issue on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Nonlinear Systems: Theory and Applications

Section

Special Issue

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Copyright (c) 2026 Gizachew Tirite Gellow, D. L. Suthar

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How to Cite

Mathematical Models of Malaria Transmission: A Hierarchical Approach to Understanding and Control. (2026). Journal of Prime Research in Mathematics, 2026, 119-134. https://jprm.sms.edu.pk/index.php/jprm/article/view/258