Tetra-Hybrid Nanofluid Blood Dynamics in Stenosed Artery with Magnetohydrodynamic and Radiative Insights from the Williamson Model

K.  Sudarmozhi; V. Sreelatha  Devi; S. Deepa; John Akanni

doi:10.65463/jprm.2026449.

Authors

K. Sudarmozhi Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
V. Sreelatha Devi Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
S. Deepa Department of Mathematics, Easwari Engineering College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
John Akanni Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65463/jprm.2026449.

Keywords:

Williamson’s ﬂuid, Tetra-hybrid nanoﬂuid, MHD, Artery, Radius of curvature, Thermal radiation.

Abstract

This paper explores the thermo-fluid behavior of tetra-hybrid nanofluid blood flow in a vertical stenosed artery as a non-Newtonian Williamson fluid, accounting for the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermal radiation, and double-diffusive effects (Soret, Dufour, and Stefan). The main goal is to measure the sensitivity and interactions of the governing parameters with the engineering responses using sensitivity analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically by an iterative scheme with high convergence tolerance. It uses a Central Composite Design (CCD), and statistical analysis is done through ANOVA and a regression model. The Stefan parameter (sb) and the Soret number (Sr) exhibit strong interactions with skin friction and heat transfer. Still, sensitivity analysis suggests that the Stefan parameter (sb) is the dominant factor in thermal transport, and the Williamson parameter (We) is the dominant factor in momentum transport. Moreover, the interaction terms, such as A×C and B×C, make significant contributions to the nonlinear system's behavior. It is noted that growth in the magnetic and Williamson parameters suppresses velocity profiles and amplifies thermal energy due to Joule heating and shear-thinning effects. The results of the research can be applied extensively in biomedical engineering at the time, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia-based therapies, and blood flow control in stenosed arteries. In general, RSM and sensitivity analysis, when integrated, offer a powerful predictive model for optimizing complex biofluid systems

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