Journal of Prime Research in Mathematics

Abstract: Topological indices are numerical parameters of a graph which characterize its topology and are usually graph invariant. Topological indices are used for example in the development of quantitative structureactivity relationships (QSARs) in which the biological activity or other properties of molecules are correlated with their chemical structure. The aim of this report is to compute the first and second K Banhatti indices of the Line Graphs of H-Pantacenic Nanotubes. We also compute the first and second K hyper Banhatti indices of the Line Graphs of H-Pantacenic Nanotubes.

Abstract: Furtula and Gutman [J. Math. Chem., 53 (4) (2015), 1184- 1190] reinvestigated the \(F\)-index as a sum of cubes of the degrees of all the vertices in a chemical graph and proved its various properties. A connected graph with equal order and size is called unicyclic graph, where order is number of vertices and size is number of edges. In this paper, we characterize the extremal graphs in a family of graphs called by unicyclic graphs with fixed number of pendent vertices. We also investigate the bound on \(F\)-index in the same family of graphs i.e \(4(2n + 3α) ≤ F(G) ≤ 8n + α(α + 2)(α + 3)\) for each \(G ∈ \mathcal{U}_{n}^{ α}\), where \(\mathcal{U}_{n}^{ α}\) is a class of all the unicyclic graphs such that the order of each graph is \(n\) with \(α\) pendent vertices.

Abstract: Subdivision schemes having high continuity are always required for designing of smooth curves and surfaces. In this paper, we present a paradigm to generate a family of binary approximating subdivision schemes with high continuity based on probability distribution. The analysis and convexity preservation of some members of the family are also presented. Subdivision schemes give skewed behavior on convex data due to probability parameter.

Abstract: In this paper, we proposed three new algorithms for solving non-linear equations by using variational iteration technique. We discuss the convergence criteria of our newly developed algorithms. To demonstrate the efficiency and performance of these methods, several numerical examples are given which show that our generated methods are best as compared to Newton’s method, Halley’s method, Househ¨older’s method and other well known iterative methods. The variational iteration technique can be used to suggest a wide class of new iterative methods for solving a system of non-linear equations.

Abstract: Metric dimension has applications in several areas including computer navigation, chemistry, and image processing. In this paper we give metric dimension of the crown graph \(S_n\), \(n ≥ 3\), and show that it remains invariant under any of its subdivision.

Abstract: Let \(R\) be a ring with center \(C(R)\). A ring \(R\) is called a ξring if, for any element \(x ∈ R\), there exists an element \(y ∈ R\) such that \(x − x^2y ∈ C(R)\). In Proc. Japan Acad. Sci., Ser. A – Math. (1957), Utumi describes the structure of these rings as a natural generalization of the classical strongly regular rings, that are rings for which \(x = x^2 y\). In order to make up a natural connection of \(ξ\)-rings with the more general class of von Neumann regular rings, that are rings for which \(x =xyx\), we introduce here the so-called generalized \(ξ\)-rings as those rings in which \(x − xyx ∈ C(R)\). Several characteristic properties of this newly defined class are proved, which extend the corresponding ones established by Utumi in these Proceedings (1957).